Environment & Ecology MCQ Questions 2026 – Topic-wise Practice for UPSC, SSC, Forest Services

Which of the following types of ecosystems is characterized by a high level of species diversity?

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💡 Explanation

Tropical rainforests are characterized by a high level of species diversity, with a vast array of plant and animal species, including many that are found nowhere else on Earth.

Which of the following pollutants is a major contributor to water pollution in India?

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Industrial chemicals are a major contributor to water pollution in India, with significant impacts on human health and the environment.

Which of the following types of ecosystems is characterized by a high level of human impact?

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Urban ecosystems are characterized by a high level of human impact, with significant impacts on the environment and human health.

Which of the following species is an example of a threatened species in the Himalayas?

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The snow leopard, red panda, and Asiatic black bear are all threatened species in the Himalayas, with declining populations due to habitat loss and human-wildlife conflict.

Which of the following pollutants is a major contributor to air pollution in India?

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Particulate matter is a major contributor to air pollution in India, with significant impacts on human health and the environment.

Which of the following types of ecosystems is characterized by a lack of vegetation?

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Desert ecosystems are characterized by a lack of vegetation, with limited plant growth due to extreme temperatures and low rainfall.

Which of the following species is an example of a threatened species in India?

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The Bengal tiger, Asiatic lion, and Indian rhinoceros are all threatened species in India, with declining populations due to habitat loss and human-wildlife conflict.

Which of the following types of waste is a major contributor to pollution in urban areas?

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Domestic waste is a major contributor to pollution in urban areas, with significant impacts on human health and the environment.

Which of the following species is an example of a migratory species in India?

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The bar-headed goose is a migratory species in India, with populations that migrate between summer and winter habitats in the Himalayas.

Which of the following types of pollution is caused by the release of chemicals into the environment?

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Chemical pollution refers to the release of chemicals into the environment, which can have devastating effects on ecosystems and human health.

Which of the following species is an example of a keystone species in a given ecosystem?

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💡 Explanation

Lions are often considered keystone species in their ecosystems, playing a crucial role in maintaining the balance of their environments.

Which of the following types of waste is a major contributor to pollution in India?

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💡 Explanation

Industrial waste, domestic waste, and agricultural waste all contribute to pollution in India, with significant impacts on human health and the environment.

Which of the following pollutants is a major contributor to acid rain?

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💡 Explanation

Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the primary pollutants responsible for acid rain, which can have devastating effects on ecosystems and human health.

Which of the following types of ecosystems is characterized by a diverse array of plant and animal species?

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💡 Explanation

Tropical rainforests are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on the planet, with a vast array of plant and animal species, including many that are found nowhere else on Earth.

Which of the following species is an endangered species in India?

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💡 Explanation

The Bengal tiger, Asiatic lion, and Indian rhinoceros are all endangered species in India, with declining populations due to habitat loss and human-wildlife conflict.

Which of the following gases is a major contributor to the greenhouse effect?

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💡 Explanation

All three gases, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, are potent greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming and climate change.